The legal systems require application of moral values or good behaviour from individuals, community members and the groups active in society. The required behaviour should correspond to ethical standards of…
International taxation is a well defined subject. Where a business engages in a cross-border transaction, the transaction so made causes a situation to face international tax issue, dependent on many…
International business refers to business activities that involve the transfer of resources, goods, services, knowledge, skills, or information across national boundaries. The resources that make up this flow are raw…
The analytical jurists like Austin had questioned the validity of the international law on the ground that the system lacked sovereign's command and as such its norms were not enforceable,…
Since the end of World War II, the nations of the world have made approximately 3,000 investment treaties.1 As new agreements emerge almost monthly from diplomatic negotiations, investment treaty-making continues…
International security issues increasingly involve non-traditional factors, parameters of which “symbolize security from the threat of disease, hunger, unemployment, crime, social conflict, political repression and environmental hazards” (Ginwala 2002), h
The trade war has begun, and international trade is currently under threat. International relations are also under strain, primarily due to new tariffs imposed by the US administration on potential…
The World Bank Group (WBG) in its 2023 released ‘Pakistan – Country climate and development report’ pointed out that‘The total investment needs for a comprehensive response to Pakistan’s climate and…
The Punjab government has recently announced two stimulus programmes for the people of the province in an overall effort to enhance economic activity, increase exports, and reduce poverty. Details here…
The current, widely-practiced model of Neoliberalism, and within it over-board recourse to monetary and fiscal austerity policies– both within and outside of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) programmes –by countries,…
