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Ethnic cohesion and development

Ethnic fragmentation is defined as the probability that two randomly selected people in a country will belong to two different ethnic groups (such as Baloch or Pashtun). Sovereign nation states…

Cartelisation in developing countries

Formation of cartels is a global phenomenon and Pakistan is no exception. By definition it is defined as: “A cartel is a collection of independent businesses or organizations that collude…

CCP’s order in sugar industry case: a critique—II

Hypothetically, information exchange between competitors can either be simply a means to monitor compliance with a previously concluded anti-competitive understanding, agreement, or practice, or alternatively, it could, in and of…

White-collar Crime In The Eyes Of US Courts

White-collar crime in the eyes of US courts

The term white-collar crime represents a non-violent crime usually involving cheating or dishonesty in commercial matters and includes fraud, embezzlement and insider trading. It is a crime committed by a…

Elements Of International Trade Law

Elements of international trade law

International trade law is a complicated subject as it involves transnational transactions; it derives its sources from customary international law, international conventions, bilateral treaties, and multilateral treaties. These instruments of…